Seung-Seung Q&A] Vascular Disease? A Specialist’s Key Points on How to Wear Medical Compression Stockings!

Hello, I am Seung-in Yang, the Representative Director of Busan Thoracic Surgery. Among the patients visiting our clinic, some already wear medical compression stockings correctly, while many others are unsure or curious about the proper way to wear them. Today, I would like to provide a brief guide based on the most frequent questions from patients who have visited us for vascular issues over the past 15 years. I hope this information proves helpful in your treatment of varicose veins.

Q1. What role do medical compression stockings play in treating vascular diseases? They compress the veins where reflux occurs, improving blood circulation and rapidly alleviating symptoms like swelling, fatigue, and heaviness. Medical stockings are designed with "graduated compression"—100% pressure at the ankle, 70% at the calf, and 40% above the knee. This graduated pressure promotes blood flow and slows the progression of the disease. We especially recommend them for symptom relief in patients for whom surgery is not immediately feasible.

Q2. Should I buy knee-high or thigh-high stockings? For prevention or maintenance, both types offer similar functional benefits. However, thigh-high stockings can be uncomfortable and tend to roll down. If the band is too tight, it can actually obstruct blood flow at that point. Since lower body compression should always begin at the calf, knee-high stockings are often more comfortable and practical to wear.

Q3. My ankles are in bad shape. Is it better to cover the entire foot and ankle to prevent vascular disease? From a medical perspective, stockings that leave the toes exposed but cover the instep are often preferred for hygiene and to prevent odors. However, based on anatomical knowledge of varicose veins, it is crucial that the instep is covered, while the toes may remain open. Products that only apply pressure from the ankle up to the calf or thigh without covering the foot are not significantly effective in improving circulation.

Q4. There are so many types of compression stockings lately. How do I choose the right one? You must wear products officially certified as "medical grade." If you check the product description, you can distinguish between medical-grade and general consumer-grade stockings. Medical-grade products list the pressure in mmHg (millimeters of mercury). Generally, a pressure strength of 20–30 mmHg is considered appropriate. Many believe that higher pressure equals better results, but excessively high pressure is not necessary.

Medical compression stockings can be "medicine" if worn correctly, but "poison" if worn incorrectly. It is important to note that all compression stockings are a supplementary method to improve venous congestion and alleviate symptoms; they are not a fundamental cure. They enhance the effectiveness of other treatments (such as sclerotherapy or surgery) and help prevent recurrence. Please remember that compression stockings alone cannot completely cure varicose veins.

Finally, some tips: Wear them during the day for maximum effect, but always take them off before sleeping at night. Adjust the compression during exercise or activity, and ensure the size and length are appropriate for your body. Patients with athlete's foot or dermatitis should use them with caution and consult a specialist first.

Since October 2016, medical compression stockings for varicose veins have been covered by health insurance, making them more affordable. Do not delay—get an accurate diagnosis via vascular ultrasound from a specialist and receive a proper prescription. Thank you.